“Ministers of all faiths, tomorrow you should get in your pulpit with the Christian Bible and preach on Luke 10:25-37”.
By tweeting thus, American author Stephen King has made
a seemingly astounding claim. He has clearly said that the parable of the Good Samaritan
must be restated and reaffirmed as the foundational moral framework for our current world civilization, which
is beset by intolerance, insanity and a marvelous lack of concern for the
suffering.
This parable, originally told by Jesus to his interlocutors
nearly two thousand years ago, has gone on to have a definitive impact on the
social ethics of a multicultural, multiracial world.
In the parable, Jesus was addressing the question: “Who
is my neighbour?” The learned fellow Jews wanted clarity on what Jesus had just
said: “Love your neighbour.” What followed is too well known to need
repetition. But in this post-truth world, one must restate the obvious.
Jesus told his interlocutors about a man who was
robbed on a highway and was left wounded and naked, waiting for a slow death in
the wilderness. A couple of priests, one after the other, happened to go past
their countryman. They chose to ignore him. It was a man from the neighbouring Samaria,
apparently a trader, who had compassion on the wounded Jew, gave him first aid,
got him into a room in an inn, paid for it, and promised to check on him on his
way back.
The now bashful interlocutors had no option but to
concede that the true neighbourly love was
The impact of this parable must have been astounding.
Jews and Samaritans were nationally and racially opposed to each other. The
territorial and religious boundaries were always a source of controversy and
conflict. Jesus with this simple parable, dealt a death blow to the notions of
national and racial superiority. It struck at the very heart of ethnocentricism
of Jesus’s audience.
Compassion for the foreigner, for the stranger, was
inoculated into the DNA of our civilizational existence on that day. The
parable told in an insignificant Middle-Eastern city colonised by the imperial
Rome, went on to established its reign in the hearts and minds of men and women in
the West and also in the East.
From proto-fiction to world literature
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| The Good Samaritan by W. Hogarth, Fielding's friend |
For hundreds of years this parable, the morally
binding tale of compassion as duty, was repeated from the pulpits every other
weekend. Rural folk got drunk on it. Kings and rulers were challenged by it.
Through this fictional but plausible account, generations were initiated into
the barbarity and beauty they would encounter in the world. The narrative
potential of this proto-humanist fiction was immense. Novelists used it to
critique hypocrisy of their societies. Henry Fielding, the pioneering English
novelist of the eighteenth century, for example, deploys it in his novel Joseph
Andrews (1742) to just that effect. The poor protagonist is wounded by
robbers and is left to die on the road side. Respectable people initially
refuse helping him. The poor postilion shares his coat with him. Class,
charity, law, fear, compassion, all elements of great fiction are embodied in this
incident.
And, it has to be more than a coincidence that this
trope occurs in other literatures of the world.
In the first Tamil novel, written by Samuel
Vedanayagam Pillai, Prathapa Mudaliar Charithram (1879), the
protagonist’s grandfather, a Hindu, helps an injured Muslim “fakir”.
While the others from his village avoid touching him for fear of ostracism,
Prathapa’s grandfather “felt that it was his duty to help anyone in danger”.
In the first Punjabi novel, Sundari (1897) by
Bhai Vir Singh, the eponymous Sikh protagonist, helps, not once but twice,
injured and abandoned Muslims—albeit with tragic consequences.
In Rabindranath Tagore’s Gora (1910), Hindu parents
of Gora too render help to a dying Irish soldier.
Pakistan’s Urdu writer Abdullah Hussain includes such
incidence, which has considerable bearing on the plot, in his most important
novel The Weary Generations (1999; Udas Naslain, 1963).
Better-read people could add to this list. The
underlying idea is that helping the helpless could alter our histories and the
moral direction of our society. This story must be told and retold in as many
forms as possible. It fascinated our novelists and writers through the years.
It fascinates anyone who wishes to make sense of our world, who wants to find
answer to the question: How should we live in a world bereft of compassion and civility?
Stephen King, the novelist, knows that there
is no other place where he could find answer to this question except in Luke
10:25–37.
This was the question that Jesus’s audience wanted to
find an answer to. They asked what the greatest commandment was. Jesus’s answer
was twofold: Love God with all your heart, with all your soul, with your
strength and with all your mind and love your neighbour as yourself.
This is the question, incidentally, we Indians are seeking an answer to, especially since the "Nirbhaya" incident of December 2012. And, perhaps even before that, since 1971, since 1947!
